{"id":51,"date":"2013-09-15T10:42:55","date_gmt":"2013-09-15T08:42:55","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2018-09-17T21:55:13","modified_gmt":"2018-09-17T19:55:13","slug":"dvakrat-meraj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/dvakrat-meraj\/","title":{"rendered":"Dvakr\u00e1t meraj…"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Obr\u00e1zok\"Predstavte si t\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu. Stoj\u00edte v supermarkete pred reg\u00e1lom s v\u00ednami a rozhodujete sa, ktor\u00e9 si vybra\u0165. V pozad\u00ed hraje hudba, \u013eudia v\u00e1s m\u00ed\u0148aj\u00fa a vy sa rozhodujete medzi talianskym a franc\u00fazskym. Ktor\u00e9 si vyberiete? Ak nie ste jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00fd, tak si vyberiete v\u00edno pod\u013ea toho, ak\u00e1 hudba pr\u00e1ve hr\u00e1. Taliansk\u00e1 hudba znamen\u00e1 talianske v\u00edno a naopak. Samozrejme doma budete tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee ste v\u00edno vybrali na z\u00e1klade uv\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9ho rozhodnutia, a pritom ani vy nebudete tu\u0161i\u0165, ako ve\u013emi ste boli ovplyvnen\u00fd. Tak\u00fdchto a podobn\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov o rozhodovan\u00ed je pln\u00e1 kniha <\/span>Dvakr\u00e1t meraj<\/em><\/span> od <\/span>Michael J. Mauboussina<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/a><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee bez toho, aby som poznal va\u0161e zamestnanie, m\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165, \u017ee ste v \u0148om n\u00faten\u00ed rozhodova\u0165 sa. A \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ie stoj\u00edte vo firemnej hierarchii, alebo \u010d\u00edm viac je va\u0161e podnikanie z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od va\u0161eho rozhodnutia, t\u00fdm viac je dobr\u00e9 sa vyvarova\u0165 be\u017en\u00fdch ch\u00fdb pri rozhodovan\u00ed. Autor knihy m\u00e1 pre v\u00e1s v podstate jednu dobr\u00fa a jednu zl\u00fa spr\u00e1vu. T\u00e1 zl\u00e1 je, \u017ee sa tak\u00fdchto ch\u00fdb nikdy \u00faplne nezbav\u00edte, t\u00e1 dobr\u00e1 je, \u017ee sa na nich viete pripravi\u0165 a pri t\u00fdch nieko\u013ek\u00fdch d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch rozhodnutiach, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1s v \u017eivote \u010dakaj\u00fa, aj vyvarova\u0165. Zlozvykov pri rozhodovan\u00ed sa ned\u00e1 zbavi\u0165, preto\u017ee niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa pre n\u00e1s prirodzen\u00e9. Ako napr\u00edklad to, \u017ee si n\u00e1\u0161 mozog mnoh\u00e9 veci zjednodu\u0161uje. <\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u010co je v z\u00e1sade dobr\u00e1 vec, preto\u017ee napr\u00edklad nestr\u00e1vite pol hodiny v\u00fdberom jogurtu v supermarkete. S\u00fa ale pr\u00edpady, kedy chcete t\u00fato lenivos\u0165 potla\u010di\u0165 a rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 sa naozaj racion\u00e1lne.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Michael vo svojej knihe uv\u00e1dza 8 be\u017en\u00fdch ch\u00fdb, ktor\u00fdch sa pri rozhodovan\u00ed dop\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Sme pr\u00edli\u0161 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>zah\u013eaden\u00ed do vn\u00fatra probl\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> a \u010dasto vid\u00edme ide\u00e1lne rie\u0161enie, ktor\u00e9 by ale v kontexte in\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed u\u017e nemuselo vyzera\u0165 tak dobre.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  2. Trp\u00edme takzvan\u00fdm <\/span><\/span><\/strong>tunelov\u00fdm efektom<\/strong><\/span><\/strong>, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee ak s\u00fa n\u00e1m pred rozhodovan\u00edm pods\u00favan\u00e9 r\u00f4zne ind\u00edcie, n\u00e1\u0161 zoznam alternat\u00edv rie\u0161en\u00ed sa zu\u017euje na z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto ind\u00edci\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  3. Niekedy <\/span><\/span><\/strong>vs\u00e1dzame na m\u00fadros\u0165 expertov,<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> ale dav alebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 simul\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 lep\u0161ie rady (z\u00e1vis\u00ed ale od typu probl\u00e9mu).<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  4. Omnoho viac, ako sme ochotn\u00ed prizna\u0165, n\u00e1s <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>ovplyv\u0148uje situ\u00e1cia,<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> v ktorej sa pri rozhodovan\u00ed nach\u00e1dzame.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> Napr\u00edklad ke\u010f si kupujeme v\u00edno v supermarkete.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  5. Neuvedomujeme si, \u017ee <\/span><\/span><\/strong>spolupr\u00e1ca mnoh\u00fdch drobn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/strong> je viac ako len s\u00fa\u010det. V komplexn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch tvoren\u00fdch mno\u017estvom mal\u00fdch prvkov existuje synergick\u00fd efekt.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  6. Pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto sa sna\u017e\u00edme z jednej situ\u00e1cie vyvodi\u0165 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>v\u0161eobecne platn\u00e9 pravdy<\/strong><\/span><\/strong>. A potom sa \u010dudujeme, pre\u010do \u201eoveren\u00e9\u201c rie\u0161enie nefunguje.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  7. Neuvedomujeme si, \u017ee niekedy <\/span><\/span><\/strong>mal\u00e1 zmena v syst\u00e9me dok\u00e1\u017ee vyvola\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fa reakciu<\/strong><\/span><\/strong>. Preto mal\u00fdm zmen\u00e1m nevenujeme to\u013ek\u00fa pozornos\u0165 a\u017e do momentu, kedy n\u00e1s prekvapia.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n
  8. Pr\u00edli\u0161 <\/span><\/span><\/strong>zamie\u0148ame \u0161\u0165astie za \u0161ikovnos\u0165<\/strong><\/span><\/strong>. \u0160\u0165astie hraje v mnoh\u00fdch situ\u00e1ciach d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu, ale my sme n\u00e1chyln\u00ed \u00faspech viac prisudzova\u0165 \u0161ikovnosti.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ka\u017edej z t\u00fdchto t\u00e9m je venovan\u00e1 jedna kapitola, pri\u010dom posledn\u00e1 obsahuje jednu, pre m\u0148a osobne, ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00fa my\u0161lienku s n\u00e1zvom <\/span><\/span><\/strong>n\u00e1vrat k priemeru<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/strong>. T\u00e1 my\u0161lienka hovor\u00ed o tom, \u017ee po v\u00fdsledku, ktor\u00fd akoko\u013evek vybo\u010duje z priemeru (\u010di u\u017e kladnom alebo z\u00e1pornom smere), bude nasledova\u0165 v\u00fdsledok bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed priemeru. Teda ak ste podali ve\u013emi dobr\u00fd v\u00fdsledok v nie\u010dom, v\u00e1\u0161 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed sa bude viac podoba\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161mu priemeru a to ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed, ak ste nie\u010do pokazili. Je to pr\u00e1ve pr\u00edklad toho, kedy prisudzujeme v\u00fdsledok viac \u0161ikovnosti ako \u0161\u0165astiu.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u010co to znamen\u00e1 v praxi? Ak m\u00e1te zamestnanca, ktor\u00fd zrazu pod\u00e1 nadpriemern\u00fd v\u00fdkon a vy ho odmen\u00edte, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed jeho v\u00fdkon u\u017e tak\u00fd dobr\u00fd nebude. Ak ale pod\u00e1 ve\u013emi zl\u00fd v\u00fdkon a vy ho znesiete pod \u010diernu zem, jeho \u010fal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon bude lep\u0161\u00ed. \u010co by z toho mohlo vypl\u00fdva\u0165? \u017de pochvaly nefunguj\u00fa, ale tresty \u00e1no.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    A pr\u00e1ve vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa tak\u00fdmto un\u00e1hlen\u00fdm z\u00e1verom v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 kniha <\/span><\/span><\/strong>Dvakr\u00e1t meraj<\/a><\/strong>. <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    Knihu poskytlo internetov\u00e9 kn\u00edhkupectvo <\/span><\/span><\/strong>www.upbook.sk<\/a><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Predstavte si t\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu. Stoj\u00edte v supermarkete pred reg\u00e1lom s v\u00ednami a rozhodujete sa, ktor\u00e9 si vybra\u0165. V pozad\u00ed hraje hudba, \u013eudia v\u00e1s m\u00ed\u0148aj\u00fa a vy sa rozhodujete medzi talianskym a franc\u00fazskym. Ktor\u00e9 si vyberiete? Ak nie ste jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00fd, tak si vyberiete v\u00edno pod\u013ea toho, ak\u00e1 hudba pr\u00e1ve hr\u00e1. Taliansk\u00e1 hudba znamen\u00e1 talianske v\u00edno […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psychologia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}