{"id":371,"date":"2022-04-19T21:46:37","date_gmt":"2022-04-19T19:46:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/spireng.sk\/?p=371"},"modified":"2024-11-13T19:39:59","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T18:39:59","slug":"huzevnatost-je-zakladna-zlozka-uspechu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/huzevnatost-je-zakladna-zlozka-uspechu\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 je z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 zlo\u017eka \u00faspechu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sedemkr\u00e1t padni. \u00d4smykr\u00e1t vsta\u0148. To je japonsk\u00e9 porekadlo a&nbsp;reprezentuje pr\u00edstup, ke\u010f to \u010dlovek len tak jednoducho nevzd\u00e1. H\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 mo\u017eno beriete ako be\u017en\u00fd pojem, ktor\u00fdm viete op\u00edsa\u0165 niektor\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Ale mo\u017eno by st\u00e1lo za to zamyslie\u0165 sa, \u010di to nie je jedna z&nbsp;d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch (mo\u017eno a\u017e nevyhnutn\u00fdch) vlastnost\u00ed \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Presne nad t\u00fdm sa zamyslela Angela Duckworth vo svojej knihe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bookdepository.com\/Grit-Angela-Duckworth\/9781501111112\">H\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>Pozn\u00e1te niekoho, kto m\u00e1 na nie\u010do\ntalent? V&nbsp;tej oblasti, v&nbsp;ktorej vynik\u00e1, v\u0161etko rie\u0161i hravo\na&nbsp;prevy\u0161uje ostatn\u00fdch. Sledujete ho pri jeho v\u00fdkone a&nbsp;hreje v\u00e1s dobr\u00fd\npocit, \u017ee tak to je. \u017de chodia medzi nami \u013eudia, ktor\u00ed boli \u010d\u00edmsi obdaren\u00ed. To\nale nemus\u00ed by\u0165 cel\u00fd obraz. Vid\u00edte len koncovku \u2013 fin\u00e1lny v\u00fdkon po mno\u017estve\nin\u00fdch &#8230; menej vydaren\u00fdch. Mo\u017eno to ani nie je talent, \u010do toho \u010dloveka dr\u017e\u00ed\nnad hladinou priemeru. Mo\u017eno je to jeho h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 a&nbsp;mili\u00f3n pokusov,\nktor\u00e9 spravil niekde v&nbsp;s\u00fakrom\u00ed, k\u00fdm sa to nau\u010dil zvl\u00e1da\u0165 tak, \u017ee to ako\ntalent vyzer\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Talent vs. h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165. To je\ndilema, ktor\u00fa Angela rie\u0161i hne\u010f v&nbsp;prv\u00fdch kapitol\u00e1ch. Aj ke\u010f talent m\u00f4\u017ee\nexistova\u0165, jeho nepr\u00edjemn\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 je, \u017ee n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje mylne zjednodu\u0161ova\u0165\nveci. Asi to u\u010dia od mali\u010dka, \u017ee ke\u010f je niekto v&nbsp;nie\u010dom dobr\u00fd, tak m\u00e1\ntalent. Na tom samotnom by e\u0161te nebolo ni\u010d zl\u00e9, ak by n\u00e1s neu\u010dilo rezign\u00e1cii\na&nbsp;odovzdaniu. On talent m\u00e1, ja nie. Ned\u00e1 sa s&nbsp;t\u00fdm ni\u010d robi\u0165.\nA&nbsp;preto s&nbsp;t\u00fdm ni\u010d nerob\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toto zakr\u00fdvanie \u00faspechu v\u010faka\ntvrdej pr\u00e1ci a&nbsp;h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti rozober\u00e1 autorka a&nbsp;sna\u017e\u00ed sa poskytn\u00fa\u0165\nodkazy na mnoh\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie, ktor\u00e9 sk\u00famali pr\u00e1ve h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 (bolo na to vyvinut\u00fdch\nhne\u010f nieko\u013eko testov). Z&nbsp;t\u00fdch vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee to, \u010do \u010dasto odde\u013eovalo t\u00fdch\n\u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch od menej \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch (\u00faspech sa d\u00e1 \u013eahko mera\u0165 v&nbsp;\u0161kole, ke\u010f\u017ee\n\u017eiaci s\u00fa systematicky hodnoten\u00ed), bola do ve\u013ekej miery h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165. Ona samotn\u00e1\ntvrd\u00ed, \u017ee nie\u010do ako talent existuje (povedzme, \u017ee u\u017e len fyzick\u00e9 predispoz\u00edcie\nna \u0161port s\u00fa nie\u010do tak\u00e9to), ale \u017ee na h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t viac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poviete si \u201eNo to je pekn\u00e9. Tak\nnamiesto talentu je niekto h\u00fa\u017eevnat\u00fd a&nbsp;niekto nie. To sme sa \u010faleko\nnepohli.\u201c Angela sa sna\u017e\u00ed t\u00fato te\u00f3riu vyvr\u00e1ti\u0165 a&nbsp;hovor\u00ed, \u017ee h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 je\nnie\u010do, \u010do sa d\u00e1 pestova\u0165. A&nbsp;op\u00e4\u0165 doklad\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161ie v\u00fdskumy (odkazov na nich\nje v&nbsp;knihe naozaj ve\u013ea), kde testovali \u013eud\u00ed po ur\u010dit\u00fdch obdobiach, po\u010das\nktor\u00fdch vykon\u00e1vali cviky na zv\u00fd\u0161enie h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti a&nbsp;v\u00fdsledky boli naozaj\nin\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako sa teda d\u00e1 pestova\u0165\nh\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165? V&nbsp;z\u00e1sade existuj\u00fa dva skupiny faktorov, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa na \u0148u\nvplyv. Vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 a&nbsp;vonkaj\u0161ie. Tie vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 s\u00fa z\u00e1ujem, programov\u00fd n\u00e1cvik,\nzmysluplnos\u0165 a&nbsp;n\u00e1dej. Tie vonkaj\u0161ie s\u00fa v\u00fdchova, ihrisk\u00e1 h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti\na&nbsp;kult\u00fara h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti. Po\u010fme sa najprv pozrie\u0165 na tie vn\u00fatorn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1dej, zmysluplnos\u0165, z\u00e1ujem. To\nvyzer\u00e1 na dos\u0165 abstraktn\u00e9 pojmy. Hlavn\u00e1 my\u0161lienka tkvie v&nbsp;tom, \u017ee ak\nn\u00e1jdete nie\u010do, \u010do v\u00e1s bude zauj\u00edma\u0165, d\u00e1va\u0165 v\u00e1m zmysel alebo n\u00e1dej, tak n\u00e1jdete\nmotiv\u00e1ciu. A&nbsp;s&nbsp;motiv\u00e1ciou je to k&nbsp;h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti u\u017e len na krok.\nAngela sa jednotliv\u00fdm t\u00fdmto pojmom samostatne venuje a&nbsp;uv\u00e1dza pr\u00edklady\n\u013eud\u00ed, s&nbsp;ktor\u00fdmi robila rozhovory a&nbsp;u&nbsp;ktor\u00fdch sa jedna\nz&nbsp;t\u00fdch vec\u00ed v&nbsp;\u017eivote objavila a&nbsp;\u00faplne ho zmenila. V&nbsp;podstate\nsa to \u010dasto dialo tak, \u017ee \u013eudia nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom na\u0161li oblas\u0165, ktor\u00e1 ich\nnap\u013a\u0148ala n\u00e1dejou, d\u00e1vala im zmysel alebo ich jednoducho zauj\u00edmala a&nbsp;to\nsp\u00f4sobilo, \u017ee sa v&nbsp;danej oblasti u&nbsp;nich za\u010dala prejavova\u0165 h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165,\nak\u00fa sami doteraz nepoznali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Osobitne sa zastav\u00edm pri pojme programov\u00fd n\u00e1cvik. Jeho anglick\u00fd preklad je Deliberate Practice a\u00a0p\u00edsal som o\u00a0\u0148om v\u00a0blogu a\u00a0okne <a href=\"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/ako-byt-dobry-v-tom-co-robite-napriklad-v-it-dodatok\/\">Talent is Overrated<\/a> (obaja autori kn\u00edh sa odkazuj\u00fa na t\u00fa ist\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadiu). T\u00e9ma h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti a\u00a0Deliberate Practice \u00fazko s\u00favisia. Zatia\u013e \u010do to prv\u00e9 je hnac\u00edm motorom, ktor\u00fd v\u00e1s dr\u017e\u00ed pri \u010dinnosti, to druh\u00e9 je presne t\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa by ste mali vykon\u00e1va\u0165, ak sa chcete zlep\u0161ova\u0165. Nie n\u00e1hodou v\u00a0oboch knih\u00e1ch autori spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa talent ako dar, ktor\u00fd niekto m\u00e1 a\u00a0in\u00fd nie a\u00a0ned\u00e1 sa s\u00a0t\u00fdm ni\u010d robi\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A&nbsp;\u010do vonkaj\u0161ie faktory?\nV\u00fdchova, ihrisk\u00e1 h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti a&nbsp;kult\u00fara h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti. Pod v\u00fdchovou je asi\njasn\u00e9, \u010do sa mysl\u00ed. Je to pr\u00edstup rodi\u010dov. Pod\u013ea Angely je ide\u00e1lny rodi\u010d, ktor\u00fd\nje pr\u00edsny (definuje pravidl\u00e1 a&nbsp;dohliada na dodr\u017eiavanie), ale z\u00e1rove\u0148\npodporuje deti v&nbsp;tom, \u010do robia. To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee die\u0165a nem\u00e1 \u017eiadnu\nvo\u013enos\u0165. M\u00f4\u017ee si vybra\u0165 oblas\u0165, ktorej sa chce venova\u0165 samo. Ale ak sa preto\nrozhodne, mus\u00ed tam napr\u00edklad zotrva\u0165 aspo\u0148 rok. Jednoducho sa nem\u00f4\u017ee r\u00fdchlo\nvzda\u0165 pri prvej prek\u00e1\u017eke. A&nbsp;na to mus\u00ed dohliadnu\u0165 rodi\u010d, ktor\u00fd to nie len\nstr\u00e1\u017ei, ale aj pom\u00e1ha, ak je to nutn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ihrisk\u00e1 h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti s\u00fa\nv&nbsp;z\u00e1sade miesta, kde je vytvoren\u00e9 prostredie, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1s motivuje nevzd\u00e1va\u0165\nsa. Ako pr\u00edklad autorka uv\u00e1dza kr\u00fa\u017eky pre deti po \u0161kole. Hovor\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 die\u0165a\nby malo popri \u0161kole absolvova\u0165 aspo\u0148 jeden kr\u00fa\u017eok (ale naozaj ho absolvova\u0165,\nnie sa len zap\u00edsa\u0165). A&nbsp;sna\u017e\u00ed sa dolo\u017ei\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie \u0161t\u00fadie a&nbsp;\u017eivotn\u00e9\npr\u00edbehy, ktor\u00e9 hovoria, \u017ee ak die\u0165a nie\u010do tak\u00e9 poctivo nav\u0161tevuje, tak to m\u00e1\nvplyv na jeho h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kult\u00fara h\u00fa\u017eevnatosti je sk\u00f4r\nodkaz na firemn\u00e9 (alebo \u0161portov\u00e9 prostredie). \u010clovek je tvor, ktor\u00fd vie by\u0165\nve\u013emi ovplyvnen\u00fd svojim okol\u00edm, a&nbsp;ak je to okolie nastaven\u00e9 tak, \u017ee\nvy\u017eaduje od \u013eud\u00ed h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165, tak sa \u010dlovek za\u010dne tomu prisp\u00f4sobova\u0165. Op\u00e4\u0165\nk&nbsp;tomu doklad\u00e1 r\u00f4zne pr\u00edbehy z&nbsp;firiem, kde sa \u013eudia k&nbsp;probl\u00e9mom\nstavaj\u00fa s&nbsp;h\u00fa\u017eevnat\u00fdm odporom.\n\nSedemkr\u00e1t padni. \u00d4smykr\u00e1t vsta\u0148. Naozaj sta\u010d\u00ed tak\nm\u00e1lo. Vsta\u0165 len o&nbsp;jeden kr\u00e1t viac ako sme padli. Ale ni\u010d nie je len tak.\nOsobne si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee za ka\u017edou h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165ou, za ka\u017ed\u00fdm neoblomn\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom je\nskryt\u00e1 motiv\u00e1cia. To je to palivo, ktor\u00e9 potrebujete, aby ste boli schopn\u00fd\nd\u00f4js\u0165 \u010falej ako ostatn\u00ed. A&nbsp;n\u00e1js\u0165 motiv\u00e1ciu, to \u010do v\u00e1s bav\u00ed alebo\no&nbsp;\u010dom viete, \u017ee m\u00e1 pre v\u00e1s a&nbsp;va\u0161ich bl\u00edzkych zmysel, je jedna\nz&nbsp;naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edch \u017eivotn\u00fdch \u00faloh.\n\n\n\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sedemkr\u00e1t padni. \u00d4smykr\u00e1t vsta\u0148. To je japonsk\u00e9 porekadlo a&nbsp;reprezentuje pr\u00edstup, ke\u010f to \u010dlovek len tak jednoducho nevzd\u00e1. H\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 mo\u017eno beriete ako be\u017en\u00fd pojem, ktor\u00fdm viete op\u00edsa\u0165 niektor\u00e9ho \u010dloveka. Ale mo\u017eno by st\u00e1lo za to zamyslie\u0165 sa, \u010di to nie je jedna z&nbsp;d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch (mo\u017eno a\u017e nevyhnutn\u00fdch) vlastnost\u00ed \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed. Presne nad t\u00fdm sa zamyslela Angela Duckworth [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-psychologia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=371"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":375,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371\/revisions\/375"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spireng.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}